Shrine Shinto Japanese Gate Architecture in Japan 日本の神社神道日本門建築

Shrine Shinto Japanese Gate Architecture in Japan 日本の神社神道日本門建築

English:

Shinto architecture is the interesting architecture of Japanese Shinto shrines.

With a few exceptions like Ise Grand Shrine and Izumo Taisha Shinto shrines before Buddhism were mostly temporary structures erected to a particular purpose. Buddhism brought to Japan the idea of permanent shrines and the presence of verandas, stone lanterns, and elaborate gates are some which are used both in a Shinto shrine and a so-called Buddhist temple.

The composition of a Shinto shrine is extremely variable, and none of its possible features are really necessarily present. Even the honden or sanctuary, the part which houses the kami and which is the centerpiece of a shrine, can be missing. However, since its grounds are sacred, they usually are surrounded by a fence made of stone or wood called tamagaki, while access is made possible by an approach called sandō. The entrances themselves are really straddled by gates called torii, which are therefore the simplest way to identify a Shinto shrine.

A shrine may include within its grounds several structures, each destined to a different purpose. Among them are the honden or sanctuary, where the kami are enshrined, the heiden, or hall of offerings, where offers and prayers are presented, and the haiden or hall of worship, where there may be seats for worshipers. The so-called honden is the building that contains the shintai, literally, "the sacred body of the kami". Of these, only the haiden is open to the laity. The honden is located behind the haiden and is usually much smaller and unadorned. Other notable shrine features are the temizuya, the fountain where visitors cleanse their hands and mouth and the so-called shamusho (社務所), the office that supervises the shrine. Shrines can be very big and large, as for example Ise Shrine, or as small as a beehive, as in the case of the hokora, small shrines frequently found on road sides.

Before the forced separation of Shinto and Buddhism (Shinbutsu bunri), it was not uncommon for a certain Buddhist temple to be built inside or next to a shrine or to the contrary for a shrine to include Buddhist subtemples (Shinbutsu shūgō). If a shrine was also a Buddhist temple, it was called a jingu-ji. At the same time, temples in the entire country adopted tutelary kami (chinju (鎮守/鎮主) and built temple shrines called chinjusha to house them. After the forcible separation of Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines (shinbutsu bunri) ordered by the new government in the so-called Meiji period, the connection between the two religions was officially severed, but continued nonetheless in certain practice.

Japanese:

神社建築は日本の神社の興味深い建築です。

伊勢神宮や出雲大社など、仏教以前の神社は、特定の目的のために建てられた一時的な建造物でした。仏教は日本に恒久的な神社のアイデアをもたらし、ベランダ、石灯籠、精巧な門の存在は、神社といわゆる仏教寺院の両方で使用されているものです。

神社の構成は非常に多様であり、その可能な特徴のどれも実際には必ずしも存在していません。神社の目玉である神を収容する本殿や聖域でさえ、行方不明になる可能性があります。しかし、その敷地は神聖であるため、通常は玉垣と呼ばれる石や木で作られた柵に囲まれ、砂道と呼ばれるアプローチによってアクセスが可能になります。入り口自体は鳥居と呼ばれる門にまたがっています。したがって、神社を識別する最も簡単な方法です。

神社の敷地内には、それぞれ異なる目的に向けられたいくつかの建造物が含まれている場合があります。その中には、神が祀られている本殿や聖域、供物や祈りが捧げられている殿堂や供物の殿堂、崇拝者の席があるかもしれない崇拝の殿堂があります。いわゆる本殿は、文字通り「神の神聖な体」である神体を含む建物です。これらのうち、平信徒に開かれているのはハイデンだけです。本殿は、ハイデンの後ろにあり、通常ははるかに小さく、装飾されていません。その他の注目すべき神社の特徴は、訪問者が手と口を清める噴水である手水舎と、神社を監督する事務所であるいわゆる社務所です。神社は、伊勢神宮のように非常に大きくても大きくても、祠のように道路脇によく見られる小さな神社のように蜂の巣のように小さくてもかまいません。

神仏分離（Shinbutsu bunri）が強制的に分離される前は、特定の仏教寺院が神社の内部または隣に建てられることは珍しくありませんでした。神社が仏教寺院でもある場合、それは神宮寺と呼ばれていました。同時に、全国の寺院が守護神を採用し、鎮守神と呼ばれる寺院を建てて収容しました。新政府の命令により、仏教寺院と新東神社が強制的に分離された後、いわゆる明治時代には、2つの宗教のつながりは公式に断ち切られましたが、それでも特定の慣習では続いていました。

More Translations:

In Shinto shrine architecture, the so-called honden (本殿, main hall), also called shinden (神殿), or sometimes shōden (昇殿) as in Ise Shrine's case, is really the most sacred building at a Shinto shrine, intended purely for the use of the enshrined kami, usually symbolized by a mirror or sometimes by a certain statue.

鎮守 tutelary god

鎮守 local Shinto deity

鎮守 Guardian

社務所 Office

神社 Shrine

神道 Shinto

日本 Japanese

ゲート Gate

建築 Architecture

Nouns:

建設 construction, establishment

構築 construction

構造 structure, construction

建築 architecture, construction

建造 building, construction

組み立て assembly, construction, erection, framework, organization

作図 construction, drawing figures

組立 assembly, construction, erection, framework, organization

敷設 laying, construction

工作 work, construction, maneuvering, handicraft, manoeuvring

設営 construction

架設 construction, building

築造 construction, building

仕組み arrangement, contrivance, construction, plot, devising

作り方 recipe, construction, way of making, workmanship, style of building

組織 organization, system, construction

普請 construction, building

営造 edifice, building, construction, erection, house

仕組 arrangement, contrivance, construction, plot, devising

ストラクチャ organization, construction, arrangement, composition, edifice, building

ストラクチャー structure, construction, arrangement, composition, building, bridge